What do nonverbal codes include?

Nonverbal codes encompass a range of communication methods that do not rely on words, and they include both vocal expression, such as tone of voice and inflection, and body movement, such as gestures and posture. This combination captures how meaning is conveyed through non-verbal cues. Vocal expressions can communicate emotions and nuances that words alone may not convey, while body movements can illustrate concepts or sentiments visually, enhancing the overall message being communicated.

The other options provided do not fully encompass the broad spectrum of nonverbal communication. For instance, focusing solely on body language neglects other significant aspects, such as vocal nuances. Textual expression, while it can convey meaning, is verbal in nature and does not fit into nonverbal communication categories. Similarly, written words and gestures mix verbal and nonverbal forms, but nonverbal codes specifically emphasize forms of expression that do not involve textual elements.